![]() ![]() ![]() It has a temperature of approximately two million kelvins and an extremely low density. The plasma is quasi-neutral so the total electron number density will satisfy: corona, outermost region of the Sun’s atmosphere, consisting of plasma (hot ionized gas). In general, the corona and solar wind are comprised of ~95% protons, ~4% alpha-particles, and the remaining ~1% contains all the heavier ions. I would also glance at the references therein to see some examples of other coronal number density models. The paper by Gopalswamy and Yashiro discusses some simplified number density models that vary with radial distance, for instance. At what altitude do you intend to model the corona? The number density varies with altitude. If I intend to model the corona as an homogenous shell (which definitely is a strong assumption), what are the ranges of the number densities of the abundant particles? I have provided some references in the following answer. Iron is present as well, but in much lower amounts. chromosphere (krmsfr) Gr.,color sphere, layer of rarefied, transparent gases in the solar atmosphere it measures 6,000 mi (9,700 km) in thickness and lies between the photosphere (the suns visible surface) and the corona (its outer atmosphere). Sun corona thickness plus#Beyond alpha-particles, the number densities drop exponentially with CNO constituents plus sulphur and silicon picking up the tail. The main particle species (order of particle number density from largest to smallest) are electrons, protons, and alpha-particles. What are the main constituents of the coronal plasma? The radiation of the corona consists of emission lines at specific wavelengths, many of which are in the ultraviolet and X-ray regions of the electromagnetic. The location of the associated termination shocks would be determined largely by a balance of hydrodynamic and magnetic forces (much more heavily weighted toward the former than latter in many cases). At that distance, the sun-facing side of the spacecraft will get roasted to over 1,300 degrees Celsius, its suite of instruments protected by an 11-centimeter-thick carbon-composite shield. The size and shape of the Sun's region of influence in the interstellar medium (ISM) depends upon the strength/speed of the solar wind and the properties of the ISM. Another important set of unknown lines revealed during an eclipse came from the corona, and so its source element was called coronium. This is tricky because the corona actually stops at the termination shock of the heliosphere. Is there any rule of thumb for the average dimensions of the corona, possibly depending on the mass of or other parameters of the star? Is it possible to estimate to at least an order of magnitude how thick a shell around a star would be which would be most likely be filled with plasma? So my best guess is that the corona is also remarkably "average." Technically the most abundant stars are red dwarfs and the Sun is a yellow dwarf, but dwarf stars are the most abundant and the sun is part of the main sequence line of stars. The Sun is remarkably "average" (e.g., see ). ![]()
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